We’re More Than Just Teacher Friends – We’re Like A Really Small Gang Shirt

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One advantage of the numerous distance-measuring schemes in use, which overlap over a range of We’re More Than Just Teacher Friends – We’re Like A Really Small Gang Shirt from nearby to very distant, is that astronomers can calibrate and corroborate their measurements with multiple approaches. Such calibrations and corroborations thus lend an additional measure of reliability to these schemes. Indeed, by comparing results using different methods, weaknesses have been identified in certain schemes. In most cases, additional studies have demonstrated ways to guard against and correct for known difficulties. As a single example of these multiple approaches, prior to 2011 the distance to the Pinwheel Galaxy was determined, based on measurements of Cepheid variable stars in the galaxy, to be 20.9 million light-years, with an uncertainty of 1.8 million light-years. As of September 2011, measurements of the light output of the 2011 Type Ia supernova in the Pinwheel Galaxy are completely consistent with this distance figure…. In short, distances to astronomical objects can be and have been measured with substantial accuracy and reliability. For the most part, the calculations involved employ only basic mathematics taught in high school. Thus the overall conclusion of a universe consisting of billions of galaxies, most of them many millions of light-years away, is beyond reasonable doubt at the present time..

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As a galaxy forms, a random We’re More Than Just Teacher Friends – We’re Like A Really Small Gang Shirt of matter in space coalesces into a disk, or some other elongated and curved form. This process can be thought of akin to a ballet dancer tucking in her arms and legs as she spins, resulting in her spinning much faster. In classical mechanics, ignoring all relativistic effects and nonlinear terms, this can be described simply as follows. Moment of inertia, the quantity relating to how hard a force has to try to rotate an object, increases as an the matter becomes more central due to its own gravitational attraction. This, by conservation of energy, the angular velocity must increase proportional to the square root of the decrease in moment of inertia. All in all, this phenomenon happens in many ways right in front of you every day, however galaxies boast a much more grandiose scale than we are akin to conceptualizing.

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